arXiv:2605.00233v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Egocentric pose estimation for Augmented Reality (AR) and assistive devices requires not just accurate predictions but guaranteed uncertainty regions. Conformal prediction (CP) provides such guarantees without retraining, but we show that standard CP with a single fixed threshold achieves nominal 90% overall coverage while covering only ~60% of the hardest 25% of frames (Q4) -- a ~30 percentage-point conditional coverage gap consistent across 12 participants, 3 predictors, and 3 horizons (108 evaluations) on EPIC-Fields. We further show that a geodesic SE(3) nonconformity score identifies physically harder frames than Euclidean scoring, with only 15-26% Q4 overlap and 2-3x higher ground-truth camera displacement for geodesic Q4 frames. To close the coverage gap, we propose DINOv2-Bridge adaptive CP: a two-stage difficulty estimator trained on a single source participant that transfers cross-participant without any images at test time, improving Q4 coverage from ~0.75 to ~0.93 while maintaining overall coverage at the 90% target.

Laurie Chen / Reuters: China's Linkerbot, which holds 80%+ of global dexterous robotic hands market, raised a Series B+ at a $3B valuation and seeks a $6B valuation in its next round  —  Chinese robotics startup Linkerbot, the global market leader in highly dexterous robotic hands for humanoids …

Wall Street Journal: Sources: Anthropic is finalizing a deal for a $1.5B JV with Blackstone, Goldman Sachs, Hellman & Friedman, and others to sell AI tools to PE-backed companies  —  Anthropic, Blackstone and Hellman & Friedman each expected to invest around $300 million; Goldman Sachs also an investor

Michael Acton / Financial Times: Apple's handling of vibe coding apps draws complaints from startups like Replit and Anything that iOS App Store rules for their apps are applied erratically  —  iPhone maker warns about security risks as new software floods its review process  —  Apple's handling of “vibe coding” …

Within hours he'd thrown up a website — a janky, one-hour job, by his own admission — and by Sunday, 36,000 "founding patrons" had pledged nearly $23 million, crashing his servers in the process.

A Spirit Airlines worker waits for passengers at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport on March 10. Scott Olson/Getty Images Spirit Airlines ceased operations on Saturday after 34 years. The collapse impacted about 17,000 employees. "This broke a lot of people's hearts," one former Spirit Airlines employee said. Yeneshia Thomas was in her Central Florida home when she got a surprising email at about 12:30 a.m. on Saturday: Spirit Airlines was shutting down. Thomas, 42, first heard the news from her union, but didn't fully believe it. The flight attendant still hoped Spirit Airlines executives would secure a $500 million federal bailout. "We were all like, 'Nah. Until the company emails us, we don't believe it,'" Thomas said, referring to her and her colleagues. pic.twitter.com/Wz3ilRHD2z — Spirit Airlines (@SpiritAirlines) May 2, 2026 The bailout negotiations fell apart, and Spirit Airlines announced at 3 a.m. that it would cease operations "effective immediately." It then canceled all its flights. For Thomas and about 17,000 other employees, it was a gut punch. She had finished her shift hours before the news broke, unaware that it would be her last. "This broke a lot of people's hearts," she said. She said some employees were still on the road and had to get back home using other airlines, but that both Spirit and the union have stepped up to help employees navigate the transition. "It feels like you're in a relationship, and your boyfriend is cheating on you, and everyone is there watching, but you didn't know," Thomas said. "You just heard it on the internet." Spirit Airlines canceled its flights after ceasing operations on Saturday. Joe Raedle/Getty Images Thomas said she received another email on Saturday telling her she was no longer allowed to wear her uniform. She said a colleague who hadn't read the email tried to go through security but was told by a TSA agent to "take your uniform off." "We're all stunned because we're like, 'What happened?' We were doing good. We were putting out the work. Why didn't anyone say anything?" Thomas said. Sign of the times Although employees hadn't gotten official word in advance that Spirit Airlines would shut down over the weekend, Thomas said she saw the signs. Certain routine flights were canceled with little warning on Friday, for example. Spirit Airlines had navigated turbulent winds in recent years, including two bankruptcies, a failed merger with JetBlue, employee furloughs, layoffs, and pay cuts. The ongoing US and Israeli war on Iran has also sent jet fuel prices skyrocketing, forcing airlines to implement cost-cutting measures. Thomas was among the Spirit Airlines employees furloughed in December. She returned to her role in March. She also took a pay cut. "I had hopes that we were going to make it because they called us back," Thomas said. Despite how it ended, Thomas said she enjoyed her time at Spirit Airlines. "At the end of the day, we had a big job," Thomas said. "Getting everyone from point A to point B was our biggest goal, which we did in a safe manner and as comfortably as possible." Thomas said she found her job fulfilling and enjoyed interacting with people from all walks of life. "The minute they see the uniform, people come up to me, and they say, 'I love Spirit Airlines. I take it all the time and see my grandchildren,'" Thomas said. "That made me feel so good." She's also built ties with her coworkers as she traveled across the country. "It's like a big family because you might end up on an airplane with someone that you've never met in your life, but before you leave, you know their whole life," Thomas said. She said travelers will likely miss the budget-friendly option Spirit offered, especially amid rising ticket prices. "They're feeling it now," Thomas said. "Someone just messaged me and she said, 'What am I going to do? Now I have to buy a $700 ticket.'" Read the original article on Business Insider

In this article, we cover an introduction to Qwen3.5 by going through the important aspects of the official article along with image and video inference using vLLM and llama.cpp. The post Introduction to Qwen3.5 – Overview, vLLM, and llama.cpp appeared first on DebuggerCafe.

Gwen Lee runs an art side hustle in Singapore, which she says brings in more income than her main gig used to. Gwen Lee Gwen Lee used to work in animation, an industry she is passionate about. But the gory things she had to animate made her crave a wholesome creative outlet. She started her art side hustle in 2020 and now devotes half her workdays to building it. This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Lee Tze Gwen, a 32-year-old animator and artist from Singapore. It has been edited for length and clarity. I've been drawing since I was 10. It's always been a hobby for me, but I found my true calling in animation in the game industry because gaming is my biggest passion. As an animator, I had to create a lot of gory scenes because that was the nature of the game. I had to make it as believable and cinematic as possible — the stabbings and the explicit scenes. So after coming home, I felt like I needed something wholesome to escape from all the violence. And during the pandemic, when we were all stuck indoors, I realized that plants help us a lot in maintaining our sanity. So I thought, why not share some greenery with everyone? That's how Curious Pots, my art side hustle, was born in 2020. My art style is simple: lots of greens and blues, with a dash of pink and yellow to brighten everyone's mood. My main character, Layla, is a tired corporate worker stuck indoors, who turns to greenery to feel better. Lee's merch from her Curious Pots art side hustle. Gwen Lee I started with stickers because the sticker business was booming at the time, and have since expanded into stationery, calendars, and a subscription-based snail-mail club. Snail mail club Lee started a snail mail club in December. Gwen Lee Since December, the US tariffs pushed me to start a whole new product: a subscription-based art snail mail club. My customers in the US had to pay a lot more in taxes after the tariffs kicked in, with some having to pay double the amount for a $25 calendar. It just didn't make sense. So that's how I thought about a mail club. Because it just contains art prints, letters, and stickers, which can be sent by personal mail that doesn't face a tariff, it was a lot more affordable. It's priced at 8 Singapore dollars within the country and a bit more for postage abroad. I now have about 80 subscribers. The idea for the club is that my character, Layla, delivers bouquets of peonies to her friends. I want to make it feel like no matter where you are in the world, just remember that someone in a little nook is looking out for you. I used to earn about 6,000 Malaysian ringgit, or about $1,500, monthly in my animation job in Malaysia. Now, my Curious Pots side hustle earns more than that. I recently moved to Singapore because of my family, and have taken advantage of the many art markets and conventions here to set up my booths. A balance of work and fun Lee sells her merch at art markets and fairs around Singapore. Gwen Lee I've left my full-time animation job and now balance my freelance animation work with my art side gig. If I'm tired of animation, I can always go back and draw something for my mail club. It has become a healing ritual for me. I don't see it as work sometimes because I benefit from it. The best thing about running a side hustle is the flexibility it offers with your time. You're your own boss. If the business is not working, it's on you to figure out how to improve it. So it's a lot of thought process that goes into building it up, which I find enjoyable. But I've realized that although I have flexibility in what I design, I do need to listen to the customers. Sometimes artists like to stick to their individuality a bit too much. But you need to look at what they do well and build on from that, instead of sticking to one idea because you think this is your thing, and you need to persist with it. Stop doubting, start creating and posting I knew nothing about social media when I started, but I decided to post a reel a day until my account took off. It takes tenacity and consistency to keep doing it. But my advice to anyone who wants to start an art business is to stop doubting and start doing. Perfectionists will always say their work is not ready for the outside world to see. I used to be like that, but you need to push yourself out there to get direct feedback from your audience and see if your work really resonates with people. Read the original article on Business Insider

How OpenAI rebuilt its WebRTC stack to power real-time Voice AI with low latency, global scale, and seamless conversational turn-taking.

Lauren Thomas / Wall Street Journal: GameStop CEO Ryan Cohen says he is making an unsolicited ~$56B offer to buy eBay and will take the offer to shareholders if the company is not receptive  —  Cohen told The Wall Street Journal he wants to make eBay a ‘legit competitor to Amazon’  —  GameStop Chief Executive Ryan Cohen …

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Tye and Chip Pierpont left Austin and moved to Chiang Mai, Thailand, to retire. Amanda Goh/Business Insider Tye and Chip Pierpont left the US and moved to Chiang Mai to retire. The couple first visited Thailand in 2008 to celebrate Tye's 40th birthday and fell in love with the country. They own a condo and estimate they spend between $4,000 and $5,000 a month on total expenses. Tye Pierpont got her first passport a few months before turning 40, and she knew exactly how she wanted to celebrate that milestone: with a trip to Thailand. She'd never left North America, and Thailand felt exciting. "Back in 2008, that seemed to me the most exotic, crazy place. I didn't want to go to Paris or Spain. I wanted to go to Thailand," Tye, now 57, told Business Insider. This story is part of our Retirement: Chiang Mai series, which follows people choosing to retire in northern Thailand for reasons ranging from affordability to lifestyle and care. Read more: He turned 50 and realized the entrepreneur grind wasn't worth it. 2 years later, he retired to Thailand. He burned out, moved to Thailand with his family, and found early retirement didn't suit him If you've taken a similar path, or are planning to, email this reporter at agoh@businessinsider.com. She and her now-husband, Chip, spent that first trip in the chaotic city streets of Bangkok, the Thai capital, and on the sandy beaches of Phuket. Over the next decade, they kept returning to Thailand for vacations. They were living a comfortable life in Austin. Tye, who had spent years competing in bodybuilding competitions, was a personal trainer. Chip worked for the US federal government. The couple celebrated Tye's 40th birthday with a trip to Thailand. That first holiday led to over a decade of return visits. Amanda Goh/Business Insider Then the pandemic struck, and it got them thinking about their futures. "Anything could happen, and we'll never get to live our dream," Tye said. As they reconsidered their plans, they met with a financial advisor, who ran the numbers and told them they could retire earlier than expected. Their plan had long been to live in Chiang Mai — Thailand's second-largest city — and didn't see a reason to put it off any longer. The pandemic led them to think seriously about what they wanted their retirement to look like. Amanda Goh/Business Insider In June 2021, they sold their home in Austin and spent the next six months traveling across the US on what Tye called "their farewell tour." That December, Chip retired at 56 after 34 years of service and qualified for a federal pension. Soon after, they moved to Chiang Mai. The place they kept coming back to Thailand has long attracted overseas retirees, in part because of its long-stay visa options, including the retirement visas the couple holds. They always knew that they wanted to live in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Amanda Goh/Business Insider Exact figures for American retirees in Chiang Mai are hard to pin down, but at least 7,178 were receiving Social Security benefits there as of December 2024, according to the most recent US government data. More broadly, foreigners make up a sizable share of Chiang Mai's population. In 2025, Thai civil registration data recorded 160,958 foreign residents in the province, or about 9% of its roughly 1.8 million people. For many retirees, Chiang Mai offers a middle ground between the intensity of big cities and the quieter coastal life. Even before the pandemic, the couple bought a condo in Chiang Mai with plans to use it as a vacation home. Amanda Goh/Business Insider "We never have to go to Bangkok, for everything we need is here, from food to clothes to any kind of services," Tye said. Years before they officially made the move, they had already started putting down roots. In 2019, they bought a condo in Chiang Mai as a vacation home. When they relocated, it became their full-time home. Tye estimates they spent around 4.5 million Thai baht, or about $138,000, buying the house, and another $37,000 renovating it. Their home is situated between Chiang Mai's Old City and Nimman, a lively neighborhood known for its cafés and international dining scene. They renovated the apartment and made it their own. Amanda Goh/Business Insider "It's funny because we did no research and ended up in the place where people who actually had done a lot of research said was the premier spot to be," Chip, 61, told Business Insider. Early last year, the couple bought the unit next door to theirs. They paid 2.6 million Thai baht and spent about $23,700 on renovations. They didn't do much research on the property, but later found out from neighbors that it was one of the most convenient areas to live. Amanda Goh/Business Insider "We thought, you know, someday we may want to blow through there and make like a massive apartment," Tye said. For now, they're using it as a rental on Airbnb. Unlearning the rush In a typical month, Chip and Tye — who did not keep detailed expense trackers while they lived in the US — estimate they spend between $4,000 and $5,000. When they travel, that figure can go up to $7,000. "I would say we travel a lot," Tye said. "We drink, not super expensive wine, but pretty nice wine. We have a meal-prep service that makes our dinners. I mean, we want for nothing." In 2025, they bought the apartment next door when it came up for sale. Amanda Goh/Business Insider They start most mornings with a light workout either on their Peloton or by running stairs, before they walk to the nearby gym. That's where they usually have lunch, then either run errands or head home for a nap. "We are kind of home bodies, but once or twice a week we'll go to dinner at someone's house or go to a restaurant, go to wine tastings," Tye said. "We also play golf on Wednesdays." Someday, they may want to combine both units into a giant apartment. For now, they're renting the unit next door on Airbnb. Amanda Goh/Business Insider Early on, many of the people they met didn't quite feel like their crowd. Back in Austin, most of their friends were around their age. In Chiang Mai, they found the social scene split between retirees in their 60s and 70s and younger digital nomads in their 20s and 30s. "So, that first year was tough," Tye said. They eventually made friends through neighbors in their building. Many were older, and they've grown close over time. "They aren't as interested in working out," Tye said, laughing. "But they all knew who Bad Bunny was before the Super Bowl, because that's what we have to listen to at my house." The couple says they've come to embrace the slower pace of life in Chiang Mai. Amanda Goh/Business Insider The couple says they're enjoying an unstructured life in retirement. "For 15 years, everything was exactly timed because of her diet and her competition, and our training. Everything was down to the second," Chip said. "Schedules just give me PTSD," Tye added. These days, the only things they schedule and adhere to are doctor appointments. They also follow a piece of advice from a friend: Get one thing done a day, and treat everything else as a bonus. "We're retired, you know. So what if it takes us longer to get there?" Tye said. Read the original article on Business Insider

Rashi Shrivastava / Forbes: A profile of music AI startup Suno, valued at ~$2.5B with 2M+ paying users and $300M annualized revenue as of February, as it battles record labels and artists  —  The music AI startup is battling record labels and angry artists as it upends how millions of people create songs.

President Donald Trump. Chris Jackson/Getty Images Tehran has sent Donald Trump a 14-point proposal to end the US-Iran war. The president said he would review it, but doubted it would be acceptable. Trump also said the US would begin guiding trapped neutral ships out of the Strait of Hormuz. Iran has submitted a response to a US plan to end the war between the two countries, and President Donald Trump says he is reviewing it. Guarantees of non-aggression, the withdrawal of US military forces from the areas surrounding Iran, and the lifting of the naval blockade of Iran's ports are among the 14-point proposal submitted via mediators in Pakistan, according to Tasnim News Agency, a semi-official news agency associated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Iran is also asking for the release of its frozen assets, payment of compensation, removal of sanctions, and ending the war on all fronts, including Lebanon, as well as a new mechanism for the management of the Strait of Hormuz, Tasnim reported. Tehran stressed that the issues must be resolved within 30 days and that the focus should shift from extending the ceasefire to "ending the war." "I will soon be reviewing the plan that Iran has just sent to us, but can't imagine that it would be acceptable in that they have not yet paid a big enough price for what they have done to Humanity, and the World, over the last 47 years," Trump said in a Truth Social post on Saturday. In a Sunday afternoon post, Trump also said the US would begin guiding neutral ships trapped in the Strait of Hormuz out of the waterway beginning on Monday in what he called a "humanitarian" mission. Oil prices have surged since the US and Israel attacked Iran on February 28 and Iran all but closed the Strait of Hormuz, through which about 20% of the world's oil passes. HFI Research, an investment research firm specializing in energy markets, outlined a grim series of events that could unfold in oil markets as the Iran war wraps up its second month with no peace deal in sight. Meanwhile, Mark Malek, the chief investment officer at Siebert Financial, told Business Insider he expects a second wave of inflation caused by the Iran war. "The gas pump is only the opening act. The real household inflation hit comes later, hidden inside everyday products," he said. Read the original article on Business Insider

The cruise ship MV Hondius. AFP via Getty Images The WHO said three people have died after a viral outbreak on a cruise ship in the Atlantic Ocean. The health agency said it has confirmed at least one case of hantavirus among the sick. Hantavirus is often contracted from mice and can cause severe respiratory illness. The World Health Organization said three people have died on a cruise ship in the Atlantic Ocean after a suspected hantavirus outbreak. The agency said it has confirmed, through laboratory testing, one case of hantavirus and suspects there are five additional cases. "Of the six affected individuals, three have died and one is currently in intensive care in South Africa," the organization said in a statement on Sunday. The WHO says that hantavirus infections are usually linked to environmental exposure to the feces or urine of infected rodents, commonly mice. "While rare, hantavirus may spread between people, and can lead to severe respiratory illness and requires careful patient monitoring, support and response," the organization says. The WHO did not specify the vessel in its statement, but Agence France-Presse and other outlets have reported that the outbreak occurred on the MV Hondius, a cruise ship currently off the coast of Cape Verde. The Hondius can carry up to 170 passengers in 80 cabins, according to Oceanwide Expeditions, its Dutch operator. Business Insider has reached out to Oceanwide Expeditions for comment. The WHO said it's conducting a detailed investigation, including laboratory tests and epidemiological investigations. It's also coordinating with member states and the ship's operators to evacuate two "symptomatic passengers medically." This is a breaking news story. Please return for updates. Read the original article on Business Insider

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Jason Lemkin / SaaStr: A look at Atlassian and Twilio earnings beats, with early signs of Atlassian's AI response success and Twilio becoming a picks-and-shovels layer for AI agents  —  So this week two of the more important bellwether names in B2B software reported earnings.  And neither of them just “beat.”

The ad comes from Artisan, the AI startup behind billboards urging businesses to "stop hiring humans."

Spirit Airlines ceased operations on Saturday. GIORGIO VIERA / AFP Spirit Airlines shut down on Saturday after 34 years of service. In response, a former passenger launched a grassroots effort called Spirit 2.0. He is calling for regular people to rally together to purchase Spirit Airlines. Spirit Airlines shut down in the early hours of Saturday morning. By that evening, one superfan was already trying to save it. "We could buy Spirit Airlines," Hunter Peterson, a voice actor who once flew Spirit Airlines for 24 hours straight, said with excitement in an Instagram post. "This started as a joke and this is rapidly going out of control in the best possible way," he said in another post. By "we," Peterson meant everyday people, including former employees and passengers. He is calling his movement Spirit 2.0 and is encouraging people to come together to purchase the airline before private equity does. "Private equity is already circling the wreckage. But before they lock it up, there is a narrow window for something that has never happened in commercial aviation. The passengers, the workers, and the communities Spirit served can take it back," he wrote on the Spirit 2.0 website. Millions of people have viewed Peterson's social media posts laying out his idea and visited the website, which he says he built in an hour and which, incidentally, keeps crashing. The Spirit 2.0 website. Spirit 2.0 A banner at the top of the website reads: "The people can own it." The idea is a page from the Green Bay Packers' playbook. The Packers are the only publicly owned, nonprofit team in the NFL. Rather than a single billionaire owner, the team is owned by 538,967 stockholders. "No billionaire can move the team. No hedge fund can gut it for parts," Peterson writes on the website, referring to the Packers model. "Spirit 2.0 is that model — applied to aviation, for the first time in American history." Peterson began accepting non-binding pledges of intent from interested folks. He has received pledges totaling almost $23 million from 36,605 people as of Sunday afternoon. Spirit 2.0 has not collected any actual money yet. That's a long way from the likely value of the now-defunct airline. Peterson is targeting commitments of $1.7 billion. JetBlue tried to acquire Spirit Airlines in 2022 for about $3.8 billion before antitrust regulators shut it down. "Register your intent to contribute — starting at $45. No money moves yet. This is your declaration that you want in before the window closes," the website says. "Together we demonstrate the collective will and capital to make a serious bid before private equity locks it up." Spirit Airlines was known for its ultra-low costs and served passengers across the United States for 34 years. The airline's collapse came after a tumultuous few years riddled by furloughs, layoffs, merger drama, pay cuts, bankruptcies and — most recently — a failed $500 million federal bailout from the Trump administration. The airline's collapse affects about 17,000 employees, and many passengers were left scrambling to book new flights. Other airlines jumped at the opportunity to help stranded Spirit Airlines passengers. United Airlines is offering price-capped tickets to travelers who had to cancel their flights at the last minute, and American Airlines is offering capped fares on routes overlapping with Spirit Airlines. Peterson, who is calling himself the potential new CEO of Spirit Airlines, said he is surprised that what started as a lark has struck a nerve with so many people. "I'm genuinely crashing out right now," he said in an Instagram post detailing the response he's received so far. Read the original article on Business Insider

Artificial intelligence (AI) road safety cameras have been rolling out across Australia, resulting in a large number of fines. For example, roughly 184,000 infringements have been issued in Western Australia since the cameras were launched in October last year. In New South Wales, more than 130,000 fines were issued in 2024-2025, the first year the technology was used. In Queensland, about 114,000 fines based on AI image recognition technology were issued in 2024. But it is the size of the penalties that has drawn much attention and criticism. In WA, penalties start at A$550 and four demerit points for seatbelt infringements. These can add up quickly in cases where people get repeated fines. For example, one WA driver with a seatbelt exemption was issued almost A$20,000 in fines after multiple seatbelt infringements. Although fines can be challenged, there are growing concerns about the accessibility and fairness of the appeal process, especially at scale. The technology also raises the question of whether AI camera systems are the best way to promote safe driving. How do AI road safety cameras work? AI road safety cameras use computer vision systems to identify patterns in still images captured by roadside cameras. AI software initially reviews all images. Where no infringement is detected, the image is automatically deleted. Where potential infringements are detected, the images are then flagged for human review before an infringement is sent out to a driver. The approach is intended to increase efficiency, as it saves officers from having to manually review large volumes of images. Drivers can challenge these fines where they believe an error occurred, or in cases where a valid excuse can be established. In Queensland, a driver successfully challenged a fine he received after his passenger shifted their seatbelt under their arm mid-trip. Representing himself in court, the driver argued it would have been unsafe to continuously monitor and check on his passenger mid-trip, especially on a busy motorway. Many others who have attempted to challenge fines have been less successful. And many have expressed confusion and frustration about the process of challenging fines. Practical problems One issue is the practical difficulty of challenging an infringement. When tens of thousands of fines are issued, the burden on drivers who wish to challenge fines increases accordingly. Some drivers have reported spending hours on hold, navigating unfamiliar procedures, or struggling to work out whether their situations are even relevant to the appeals process. This uncertainty can lead to stress and frustration. Appealing fines can also involve a significant amount of time and financial cost, especially if a case makes it to court and is unsuccessful. The difficulty of appealing is related to a second issue: context. AI camera systems rely on still images, which limit what can be captured. This is less of a problem with speeding infringements, where context is often irrelevant. Seatbelt use, on the other hand, is more dynamic. Seatbelts can be temporarily moved by a passenger without the driver noticing, for reasons that are not immediately apparent from a single image. In some cases, drivers have argued they or their passengers were wearing their seatbelt correctly, but the image presented was ambiguous. In one case from NSW, a woman argued her seatbelt was on correctly, sitting between her shoulder and collarbone. She was not successful in overturning the fine. Drivers with medical conditions have grounds for challenging fines, but the details need to be carefully documented. Temporary injuries present difficulties. Brief seatbelt adjustments can be reasonable in context, but difficult to defend retrospectively, many weeks later, especially if there is no documentation. With a human officer on the roadside, these situations could be addressed in real time, through explanation or education, potentially preventing extreme outcomes, such as the driver who was issued with almost $20,000 worth of fines and faced the accumulation of nearly 200 demerit points. The real issue, then, is not about whether individuals can challenge infringement notices, but whether the system operates fairly at scale. If AI cameras aim to promote safe drivers, this goal should extend beyond detection alone. Measuring what matters As with any automated system, much depends on the choice of proxy – the measurable indicator that stands in for what we care about. The problem of treating a narrow proxy decisively has been well documented in other domains. In education, for example, student test scores can be used as a proxy for teaching quality. But as data scientist Cathy O’Neil has shown, these systems ignore crucial classroom context and have been relied on for high-stakes decisions, such as the dismissal of teachers. The risk with AI-based enforcement is similar. If the proxies for “safe driving” are too narrowly chosen, they distort what safety actually requires, creating the illusion that the proxy is standing in for the real goal. Although AI cameras can show seatbelts are off, or incorrectly positioned, the problem arises when seatbelt positioning comes to dominate the discussion, while other driver safety issues, such as tiredness, distraction, tailgating, or aggressive driving, are harder to capture with automated roadside systems. Improving road safety does not require abandoning AI enforcement. What it does require is that AI-mediated systems capture a reliable proxy, operate fairly at scale, and support education and prevention, not simply punishment. Adam Andreotta does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.