arXiv:2605.30465v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-label topic classification without labeled training data is a challenging task, specially when documents contain complex relational information. We present a zero-shot multi-label topic classification framework and systematically investigate how per-article knowledge graph augmentation affects its performance. The base framework classifies topics in documents without labeled training data and has four variants: article-only classification, keyword-enhanced classification, and self-consistency decoding variants of both. Then, we augment each base variant with per article knowledge graph. This graph is extracted from the input document through a pipeline similar to KGGen based on subject-predicate-object triples. We test all eight methods, four base and four graph augmented on fifteen LLMs and eight multi-label datasets across different domains. For the base framework, keyword-enhanced classification (AK) is the best performing method, and six out of fifteen LLMs surpass the sentence-encoder baseline. Graph augmentation has positive and negative impacts on small and large models, respectively. This shows that larger models already contain enough relational information from pretraining. Furthermore, the self-consistency decoding variant does not show performance improvements in any experiment while increasing computation costs about fivefold.

arXiv:2605.30459v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) remain limited on tasks requiring indirect reasoning, cultural knowledge, and coordinated hypothesis testing. We investigate whether team-based interaction improves LLM performance in What? Where? When? (ChGK), a quiz game designed to reward collective reasoning. We introduce three team strategies: Voting, Silent Team (the captain observes final answers), and Talkative Team (the captain observes both answers and rationales). To minimize data leakage, we evaluate these strategies on a dataset consisting of 572 ChGK questions released in 2025. Using six recent large-scale open models, we show that team-based strategies outperform single-model baselines, yielding gains of up to 20 percentage points in accuracy. The best team achieves 44.23% accuracy, and approaches human team performance on questions with available human statistics. Analysis of inter-model diversity reveals that disagreement strongly predicts lower accuracy, but explanatory communication substantially mitigates performance drops. We further examine captain behavior and find no evidence of self-preference bias; access to peer rationales improves captain judgments. Overall, LLM teams function primarily as answer selection and error-filtering mechanisms rather than generators of novel solutions. Our findings highlight the importance of interaction and suggest adaptive strategies as a promising direction for multi-agent systems.

arXiv:2605.30443v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multilingual large language models can generate figurative language, but whether the internal signals driving this behavior are language-specific or reusable across languages is unclear. Using activation steering as a probe, we estimate a direction for a figurative category from figurative--literal activation differences in one language and apply it during generation. Across five figurative categories, six languages, and four multilingual LLMs, these directions steer reliably within their own language, most robustly for metaphor and simile. More importantly, they transfer across languages: a direction learned in one increases the target behavior when applied to another, with German among the most receptive targets. Going further, directions assembled from other languages can match or even surpass a target language's own native direction, while removing this shared component weakens native steering. Together, these results provide direct evidence of a reusable but target-dependent cross-lingual signal for figurative generation.

arXiv:2605.30415v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate how domain adaptation reshapes explanatory behavior in language models using historical cosmology as a controlled setting. In Phase 1, we train a small language model from scratch on a pre-Copernican corpus from which explicit heliocentric references were removed, and evaluate whether Earth-motion or heliocentric continuations nevertheless emerge. In Phase 2, we fine-tune a larger pretrained model using QLoRA on the same corpus in order to study how adaptation modifies explanatory framing and cosmological stance. Model outputs are evaluated using an LLM-as-judge framework that labels both cosmological stance (geocentric, heliocentric, or ambiguous) and explanatory frame (premodern versus modern). In the constrained setting of Phase 1, the smaller models occasionally generate local Earth-motion continuations, but these remain globally unstable and insufficient to support coherent cosmological reasoning. In Phase 2, fine-tuning induces a large and statistically significant shift toward premodern explanatory framing, while the conditional cosmological stance distributions remain comparatively stable within those frames. As a result, increases in geocentric outputs arise primarily from redistribution over explanatory regimes rather than from direct modification of stance. These results suggest that domain adaptation may primarily reshape the linguistic frameworks from which continuations are generated, with changes in stance emerging secondarily from those shifts.

arXiv:2605.30407v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on general tasks, while often struggling to adapt to specialized domains without high-quality domain-specific data. Existing LLM-based data curation methods primarily rely on human-designed workflows, leaving it unexamined whether LLMs can autonomously execute an end-to-end data engineering pipeline for model specialization. We formalize \textbf{Autonomous Agentic Data Engineering}, a novel task designed to evaluate LLMs as autonomous data engineers that drive model specialization through end-to-end data curation. We frame data as an optimizable component and study agents that plan, generate, and iteratively optimize training data across multiple domains, guided by post-training performance improvement. Experiments show that autonomous LLM data engineers yield substantial gains, as GPT-5.2 constructs a training curriculum that improves a student model by \textbf{57.29\%}, entirely through iterative, agent-driven data adaptation. By illuminating both potential and bottlenecks, our study establishes autonomous data engineering as a measurable capability and charts a path toward agent-driven model specialization\footnote{Code will be released at https://github.com/zjunlp/DataAgent.}.

arXiv:2605.30400v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present a protocol to evaluate ChatGPT's ability to generate disease-centric biomedical associations. It outlines how we generate the associations, validate the biological entities using biomedical ontologies, and verify associations using literature. The protocol includes a self-consistency strategy to assess generative reliability across ChatGPT models. To address ontology exact-match limitations, we provide a use case performing semantic verification through a workflow enabled by Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) powered by open-source large language models (LLMs). This enables LLMs to establish truth over content generated by other LLMs and expose hallucination.

arXiv:2605.30393v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Public numeric benchmarks appear in pretraining, so an evaluation that conditions on a date may be measuring memorized recall rather than out-of-sample skill. We introduce NumLeak, a measurement framework that combines API-boundary probes on production models with a white-box controlled validation on an open causal LM. Top-tier frontier LLMs recall the Fama-French market excess return at 3-seed pooled Pearson r=0.97-0.99 while staying within 0.15 within-25bps on the five sibling factors; comparable fidelity appears on U.S. unemployment, CPI inflation, and NOAA temperature. On a recent-release holdout, parse rate collapses to 21-57% but r stays at approximately 0.99 on months answered, the refuse-or-recall asymmetry a memorized channel predicts. The white-box experiment reproduces the dose-response, and logprob ranking detects memorization that open-ended generation misses, implying closed-API black-box probes understate the channel. A Sonnet "date to market-sentiment" regression that correlates with true Mkt-RF at r=0.74 collapses to r=0.02 once the model's own recall is residualized out. A one-line system-prompt defense blocks 99.8% of a non-adaptive single-turn suffix attack set at near-zero utility cost on conceptual and historical-narrative queries

arXiv:2605.30388v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper introduces a new systematic framework for detecting anomalies in maritime Automatic Identification System (AIS) datasets. These anomalies include abnormal vessel behaviours related to speed, position jumps, time gaps, and turn angles. Although unsupervised learning algorithms such as Isolation Forest are widely used for detecting anomalous vessel movements, they often lack systematic and meaningful evaluation measures. To address this limitation, we propose a novel quality metric called Maritime Anomaly Detection Quality Index (MADQI). The prosed MADQI is a composite index designed to evaluate the anomaly detection performance of machine learning models without requiring labelled data. The proposed framework uses Haversine distance calculations to analyse AIS datasets and identify anomalies based on their spatial and behavioural characteristics. The proposed MADQI evaluation framework integrates four interconnected metrics: Anomaly Rate Consistency (ARC), Physical Plausibility Score (PPS), Score Distribution Separation (SDS), and Extreme Case Evidence (ECE). These metrics are combined through automatic normalisation using multi-chunk evaluation and adaptive scaling techniques. Experimental results on the AIS dataset show that the proposed framework achieved a MADQI score of 80.37%, demonstrating its effectiveness for unsupervised anomaly detection. In particular, the algorithm performed strongly in identifying abnormal vessel behaviour. Among the individual MADQI components, ECE and ARC achieved scores of 0.907 and 1.000, respectively, indicating excellent capability in detecting extreme anomalies and maintaining anomaly rate consistency. Overall, these results are encouraging and demonstrate that the proposed framework provides a reliable and meaningful approach for evaluating unsupervised anomaly detection in maritime AIS data.

arXiv:2605.30387v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides non-invasive access to dynamic brain activity by measuring blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals over time. However, the resource-intensive nature of fMRI acquisition limits the availability of high-fidelity samples required for data-driven brain analysis models. While modern generative models can synthesize fMRI data, they often remain challenging in replicating their inherent non-stationarity, intricate spatiotemporal dynamics, and physiological variations of raw BOLD signals. To address these challenges, we propose Dual-Spectral Flow Matching (DSFM), a novel fMRI generative framework that cascades dual frequency representation of BOLD signals with spectral flow matching. Specifically, our framework first converts BOLD signals into a wavelet decomposition map via a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to capture globalized transient and multi-scale variations, and projects into the discrete cosine transform (DCT) space across brain regions and time to exploit localized energy compaction of low-frequency dominant BOLD coefficients. Subsequently, a spectral flow matching model is trained to generate class-conditioned cosine-frequency representation. The generated samples are reconstructed through inverse DCT and inverse DWT operations to recover physiologically plausible time-domain BOLD signals. This dual-transform approach imposes structured frequency priors and preserves key physiological brain dynamics. Ultimately, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach through improved downstream fMRI-based brain network classification. The code is available at https://github.com/htew0001/DSFM.git .

arXiv:2605.30385v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide validation to my deep neural network alternative in the context of LLMs. Very recently, there has been a significant interest by Chinese researchers in a model called RBF network, as a substitute to standard DNNs, with increased explainability and higher accuracy. It turns out that my new model, discovered independently, is based on the exact same machinery. But with a major twist: it does not need DNN as it finds the global optimum of the loss function in closed form, in one iteration, thus eliminating the tedious training step. Here I provide a high-level overview of my technology, with case study and comparison to similar methods.

arXiv:2605.30381v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deceptive alignment, in which models maintain accurate internal representations while deliberately producing false outputs, remains a central challenge in AI safety. While strategic deception is the primary long-term concern, synthetic dishonesty - induced via direct optimization on incorrect answers - provides a controlled testbed for studying the representational basis of learned deception. We introduce a multi-model paradigm in which honest and deceptive variants of five transformer models (Pythia-1.4B, Gemma-2-2B/9B, Qwen2.5-7B, Llama-3.1-8B) are fine-tuned using LoRA on the same question distribution. Linear probes trained on mean-pooled hidden states detect synthetic dishonesty with near-perfect AUC (greater than or equal to 0.99) as early as layers 1-3 in four architectures, while Pythia-1.4B reaches a peak of 0.705. Logistic regression probes consistently match or outperform MLP probes, supporting the Linear Representation Hypothesis. Probes trained on TruthfulQA generalize with near-zero loss (Delta AUC approx. 0) to held-out MMLU subjects. Late-layer representations show strong robustness to Gaussian noise, with Gemma-2 models exhibiting exceptional stability. Mechanistic analysis of Fisher Discriminant Ratio, effective rank, centroid geometry, directional stability, cross-domain alignment, and calibration (ECE) reveals two regimes: representational collapse in Pythia/Llama/Qwen versus high-dimensional preservation in Gemma-2. Across all models, the dishonesty direction consolidates progressively in deeper layers, with optimal calibration (ECE less than 0.01 except Pythia) achievable in layers 1-4. These results demonstrate that robust, domain-invariant dishonesty representations can be rapidly entrenched via modest supervised fine-tuning, with implications for activation-based monitoring.

arXiv:2605.30374v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Estimating hip muscle forces and joint moments during gait typically relies on musculoskeletal simulation, which is informative but time-consuming and difficult to apply in clinical settings. This study developed a deep learning framework to predict these hip dynamics parameters directly from lower-limb gait kinematics and compared three representative sequence models under a unified protocol. Gait data were collected from 60 healthy adults under three metronome-guided cadence conditions. Ten bilateral lower-limb joint angles were used as inputs, and OpenSim-derived hip muscle forces and hip joint moments were used as reference outputs. Three deep learning models of LSTM, Transformer, and Mamba were trained and evaluated using the same subject-level split, preprocessing pipeline, and metrics. The best model was then directly tested on an external cohort of 9 patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) without retraining. In the healthy-subject benchmark, Transformer achieved the best subject-level mean performance for both hip muscle force prediction (RMSE = 1.33 N/kg, MAE = 0.57 N/kg, R2 = 0.819) and hip joint moment prediction (RMSE = 0.11 Nm/kg, MAE = 0.07 Nm/kg, R2 = 0.862), with similar advantages across walking cadences. In zero-shot external validation, Transformer retained moderate predictive ability in ONFH for hip muscle force prediction (RMSE = 1.51 N/kg, MAE = 0.70 N/kg, R2 = 0.537) and hip joint moment prediction (RMSE = 0.17 Nm/kg, MAE = 0.12 Nm/kg, R2 = 0.569). These findings support the feasibility of estimating hip dynamics from gait kinematics, identify Transformer as a strong baseline, and highlight the need for broader pathological validation and improved generalization before clinical application.

arXiv:2605.30358v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantum computing remains in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, where the performance is highly constrained to noise. Addressing the limitation often requires hardware-facing capabilities beyond gate-sequence circuit specification, including mid-circuit measurement and classical feedback for quantum error correction (QEC), precise timing control for dynamical decoupling (DD), and pulse-level waveform access for calibration. OpenQASM-3 was introduced to expose exactly these capabilities, providing a hardware-level programming interface. However, despite the rapid progress of large language models in code generation, there is still no dataset specifically designed to train and evaluate LLMs on OpenQASM-3 programs that involve its advanced hardware-oriented features. To address this gap, we introduce QASM-Eval, the first comprehensive dataset designed to train and evaluate LLMs on OpenQASM-3. Rather than focusing on quantum algorithm design or reasoning, QASM-Eval explicitly targets the language's hardware-facing features. QASM-Eval comprises an expert-verified test set of 100 tasks and a training set of 4,000 tasks, systematically covering classical logic, timing scheduling, pulse control, and complex real-world workflows. To automatically validate generated programs, we check syntax, quantum states and program timeline using an extended verifier. Our evaluation reveals that while state-of-the-art LLMs struggle heavily in OpenQASM-3 coding tasks, targeted fine-tuning on QASM-Eval yields significant gains. QASM-Eval provides a crucial benchmark and training foundation to accelerate the development of reliable LLM assistants for hardware-facing quantum programming in NISQ era. Data and code: https://github.com/fuzhenxiao/QASM-Eval

Each wave of AI has created a new scaling law. Pretraining scaled intelligence through larger datasets, more parameters, and massively parallel GPU systems.... Each wave of AI has created a new scaling law. Pretraining scaled intelligence through larger datasets, more parameters, and massively parallel GPU systems. Post-training scaled usefulness through instruction tuning, and re-balancing GPUs for generative inference. Test-time scaling improved reasoning by giving models more generated tokens for thinking. Now, agentic AI and reinforcement… Source

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AI is now essential infrastructure, powered by AI factories that generate intelligence in the form of tokens. As demand grows, these factories must scale... AI is now essential infrastructure, powered by AI factories that generate intelligence in the form of tokens. As demand grows, these factories must scale faster, operate more efficiently, and lower the cost of intelligence across the five-layer stack: energy, chips, infrastructure, models, and applications. NVIDIA DSX platform provides the complete playbook for designing, simulating, building… Source

In this article, we cover an introduction to Unsloth Studio. We start with installation, and move to chat interface, OCR, and code execution experiment. The post Getting Started with Unsloth Studio appeared first on DebuggerCafe.

Navigate between views, share URLs, and read URL parameters in deephaven.ui

<p><strong>Release:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/simonw/datasette/releases/tag/1.0a32">datasette 1.0a32</a></p> <p>A minor bugfix release. Fixes a bug with <code>INSERT ... RETURNING</code> queries via the <a href="https://datasette.io/blog/2026/sql-write-queries/">new /db/-/execute-write endpoint</a> and a bunch of <a href="https://docs.datasette.io/en/latest/settings.html#setting-base-url">base_url</a> issues which showed up when I was <a href="https://simonwillison.net/2026/May/30/pyodide-asgi-browser/">experimenting with Service Workers</a> yesterday.</p> <p>Tags: <a href="https://simonwillison.net/tags/datasette">datasette</a>, <a href="https://simonwillison.net/tags/annotated-release-notes">annotated-release-notes</a></p>

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